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COMPASSION-FOCUSED THERAPY

Compassion-Focused Therapy

Many people seek psychology because they feel trapped in cycles of self-criticism, shame, anxiety, guilt, perfectionism or feeling “not good enough”.

Compassion-Focused Therapy helps people develop a healthier, kinder and more balanced relationship with themselves while still taking responsibility and working towards meaningful change.

David quietly reflecting beside the ocean at sunrise, representing compassion-focused therapy, emotional regulation and self-compassion.

What Is Compassion-Focused Therapy?

Compassion-Focused Therapy (CFT) is an evidence-based psychological therapy developed by Professor Paul Gilbert. It was originally designed to help people who experience persistent shame and self-criticism, but it has since been applied across a range of mental health difficulties [1].

Rather than encouraging people to simply “think positively”, CFT helps individuals understand how the human brain evolved and why it naturally produces difficult emotions such as fear, anxiety, anger, shame, guilt and self-criticism.

Many of these responses are normal survival mechanisms rather than personal weaknesses. Understanding this can reduce blame while increasing motivation to respond more effectively.

Compassion in CFT does not mean letting ourselves “off the hook”. It involves understanding suffering, responding wisely rather than impulsively, taking responsibility where appropriate, building courage to face difficult situations and supporting ourselves while making meaningful changes.

When Might Compassion-Focused Therapy Be Helpful?

Compassion-Focused Therapy may be helpful if you find yourself:

  • Constantly criticising yourself
  • Feeling ashamed or “not good enough”
  • Finding it difficult to accept mistakes
  • Feeling emotionally overwhelmed
  • Living with persistent anxiety or stress
  • Struggling to recover after setbacks
  • Feeling driven by perfectionism or fear of failure

Research suggests that greater self-compassion is associated with lower levels of psychopathology and improved psychological wellbeing [2].

How Compassion-Focused Therapy Works

One of the central ideas in CFT is that emotions are influenced by three interacting systems: threat and protection, drive and achievement, and soothing and safeness [1].

Therapy helps people understand how these systems operate, where harsh self-criticism may have developed and how to strengthen more balanced, compassionate ways of responding.

Understanding the Threat System

The threat system notices danger quickly and prepares us to fight, flee, freeze, submit or seek protection. When overactive, it may contribute to anxiety, anger, shame, worry, self-criticism and hypervigilance.

Understanding the Drive System

The drive system motivates us towards goals, rewards, achievement and problem solving. When it dominates without enough recovery, it may contribute to perfectionism, overwork, burnout and exhaustion.

Strengthening the Soothing System

The soothing and safeness system supports feelings of calm, connection, security and acceptance. CFT deliberately develops this system through compassion, supportive relationships, mindfulness and gentle breathing.

Compassionate Thinking and Imagery

Therapy may include learning to notice critical thoughts, developing more balanced responses and using imagery to strengthen warmth, courage, wisdom and emotional safety.

Compassionate Behaviour and Values

Compassion is translated into action through healthy boundaries, difficult conversations, responsibility, persistence and values-based behaviour. Compassion involves kindness and strength rather than avoidance.

Related Educational Articles

These articles explore self-compassion, self-criticism, acceptance, emotional regulation and everyday psychological patterns.

Explore practical mindfulness and self-compassion exercises that may support emotional wellbeing.

Learn how harsh self-critical thinking can develop and how a more balanced inner response may be cultivated.

Consider how compassion, acceptance and forgiveness may influence a person’s own emotional experience.

Explore why compassionate honesty may sometimes be more helpful than unrealistic reassurance.

Learn practical ways to notice, understand and respond to strong emotions.

What Happens During Compassion-Focused Therapy?

Compassion-Focused Therapy is practical and collaborative. Sessions may include:

  • Understanding how threat, drive and soothing systems influence emotions and behaviour
  • Exploring where harsh self-critical thinking developed and what function it may serve
  • Learning to notice critical thoughts and respond in more balanced and helpful ways
  • Using compassionate imagery to strengthen warmth, confidence, courage and wisdom
  • Practising mindfulness and noticing thoughts and emotions without automatically reacting
  • Gradually practising new responses in everyday life
  • Combining compassion with values-based behaviour change

Compassion-Focused Therapy is commonly integrated with CBT, ACT, mindfulness, behavioural psychology and trauma-informed practice according to the person’s goals and presentation [3].

Compassion-Focused Therapy in Varsity Lakes and Across Australia

Compassion-Focused Therapy is available in person at Varsity Lakes on the Gold Coast and via secure telehealth anywhere in Australia.

At Hennessy Clinical Psychology, therapy is tailored to your individual goals, experiences and strengths. The aim is to develop practical psychological skills that support emotional balance, resilience and healthier ways of responding to life’s challenges.

Related Psychology Services and Therapy Approaches

These pages connect Compassion-Focused Therapy with the parent Therapy Approaches hub, related therapies and areas of psychological support.

Explore evidence-based psychological approaches used at Hennessy Clinical Psychology.

Explore resources relating to emotional regulation, personality patterns and behaviour change.

View current availability, appointment types, funding information and in-person or telehealth options.

References

  1. Gilbert, P. (2014). The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 53(1), 6–41. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjc.12043
  2. MacBeth, A., & Gumley, A. (2012). Exploring compassion: A meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 32(6), 545–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.06.003
  3. Leaviss, J., & Uttley, L. (2015). Psychotherapeutic benefits of compassion-focused therapy: An early systematic review. Psychological Medicine, 45(5), 927–945. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033291714002141
  4. Kirby, J. N. (2017). Compassion interventions: The programmes, the evidence, and implications for research and practice. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 90(3), 432–455. https://doi.org/10.1111/papt.12104

Frequently Asked Questions

Common questions about Compassion-Focused Therapy.

Is Compassion-Focused Therapy evidence-based?

Research supports compassion-focused and compassion-based interventions for reducing shame, self-criticism and psychological distress, particularly when they are integrated into a broader evidence-based treatment plan [3][4].

Is self-compassion the same as self-esteem?

No. Self-esteem is often influenced by success, achievement or comparison with others. Self-compassion involves responding with understanding and care during both success and difficulty.

Does compassion mean avoiding responsibility?

No. Compassion includes taking responsibility while responding constructively rather than harshly. It supports accountability together with understanding and problem solving.

Is Compassion-Focused Therapy suitable for trauma?

It can be. Many trauma survivors struggle with shame and self-criticism. CFT may be integrated with trauma-informed approaches and other evidence-based treatments according to individual needs.

How long does Compassion-Focused Therapy take?

The length of therapy depends on your goals, current difficulties and the broader treatment plan. Some people benefit from a small number of compassion skills, while others incorporate CFT over a longer course of therapy.

Is therapy available by telehealth?

Yes. Therapy is available in person at Varsity Lakes on the Gold Coast or via secure telehealth anywhere in Australia.

Ready to Take the First Step?

Compassion-Focused Therapy is available for adolescents and adults in person at Varsity Lakes on the Gold Coast and via secure telehealth across Australia.

For current availability, appointment types and funding information, visit the Appointment Availability page.

This practice is not a crisis service.

If you require immediate assistance, call 000. For crisis support, contact Lifeline on 13 11 14.

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