What is an Acquired Brain Injury (ABI)?
By David Hennessy, Clinical Psychologist
An Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) refers to any damage to the brain that occurs after birth and is not a congenital or degenerative condition. It can result from trauma, stroke, infection, lack of oxygen, or substance misuse. Importantly, the effects of an ABI vary widely depending on the location, extent, and cause of the injury on the person.
Understanding ABI
Acquired Brain Injuries can be sudden or progressive, and mild or severe. They may affect:
- Cognition (e.g. memory, attention, problem-solving)
- Behaviour and personality
- Emotions and mood
- Physical abilities and coordination
- Social functioning and interpersonal relationships
Common Causes of ABI
- Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI): due to impact (e.g. motor vehicle accidents, falls, assaults)
- Stroke: interruption of blood supply to the brain
- Infections: like meningitis or encephalitis
- Lack of oxygen: such as from near-drowning or cardiac arrest
- Substance misuse: long-term alcohol or drug use
- Tumours or brain surgery
Psychological Impact of ABI
From a clinical psychology perspective, an ABI can disrupt a person’s sense of self, autonomy, and identity. It can also challenge family dynamics and support systems. Common emotional responses include:
- Anxiety, depression, or grief
- Anger and frustration
- Feelings of shame or inadequacy
- Changes in motivation or behaviour
How Psychology Can Help
As psychologists, we offer:
- Cognitive rehabilitation strategies
- Emotional support and counselling
- Behavioural interventions
- Family education and support
- Mindfulness and acceptance-based techniques
- Support for social reintegration and life adjustment
You Are Not Alone
Recovery from ABI is not about “getting back to who you were”—it’s about adjusting to who you are now, and discovering new ways of being, connecting, and thriving. You deserve compassionate, respectful support.
If you or a loved one is living with ABI, reach out. We’re here to help.
